Abstract
The first application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) unveiled by Ferrari in 1987 as an autologous component after an open heart surgery [1]. Now there are at least five thousands registration in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) concerning PRP in various medical disciplines like orthopedic surgery, sports medicine, physical medicine, dentistry, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, urology, cosmetic, cardiothoracic surgery, etc. From the very launching period, platelet-rich plasma is being considered to be overwhelmingly promising and safe as well, enabling tissue healing through one\'s own natural growth factors [2]. It serves as a milieu of diverse biological mediators like insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I), transforminggrowth factor beta type 1 (TGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial growth factor, and basic fibroblastic growth factors. Among them, IGF-I and HGF are plasmatic proteins and their concentrations are independent of platelet abundance. These growth factors along with cytokines/chemokines (Interleukin-8, IL-8; Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, MIP-1 α; Epithelial Neutrophil-Activating Peptide 78, ENA-78; Monocyte chemotactic protein-3, MCP-3; Growth regulated oncogene-alpha, GRO alpha; angiopoietin-1, IGF-1 binding protein-3, etc.) and bioactive proteins (Von Willebrand factor, vWF; propeptide; Fibrinogen; Fibronectin; Vitronectin; Thrombospondin 1, TSP-1; laminin-8, alpha 4- and alpha 5- laminin subunits; signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain containing protein 1, SCUBE 1, etc.) are important in tissue repair and regeneration, wound healing, and even organ homeostasis [3].
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