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• Fake Knee Surgery as Good as Real Procedure, Study Finds

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 28-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  A fake surgical procedure is just as good as real surgery at reducing pain and other symptoms in some patients suffering from torn knee cartilage, according to a new study that is likely to fuel debate over one of the most common orthopedic operations.

  As many as 700,000 people in the U.S. undergo knee surgery each year to treat tears in a crescent-shaped piece of cartilage known as the meniscus, which acts as a shock absorber between the upper and lower portions of the knee joints. The tears create loose pieces of cartilage that doctors have long thought interfere with motion of the joints, causing pain and stiffness.

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• Role of Platelet Rich Plasma Gel in Bone Healing of Black Bengal Goats

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 25-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  The study was conducted to evaluate homogenous platelets rich plasma (PRP) gel in the bone healing process. There are limited researches on the use of biomaterials to assist healing process in Bangladesh done earier. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to exploit the therapeutic effects of PRP gel on healing process. For bone healing study, total 6 oblique tibial fracture cases in goats were created. Goats were divided into three groups with two animals in each group bearing weight 15-20 kg and age 1-3 years. Among these two groups were treated with homogenous PRP gel and one group was untreated served as control and fracture cases were corrected with open reduction and internal fixation using bone plate with screw and surgical stainless steel wire (18 Gauze) suture. Goats showed a satisfactory result on bone healing after using PRP gel. Post operative radiography confirmed that bone fragments were well maintained until healing occurred and radiograph showed negligible callus at 30 days, complete healing occur. On the other hands, it takes 60 days for immobilization in untreated group. In treatment groups there was no periosteal reaction at the fracture site. No postoperative complication was observed at surgical site. This study could help veterinarians to consider natural biomaterial product specially homogenous PRP gel for a good healing of bone with minimum complications. Further studies are necessary for the molecular investigation of healing process and proper establishment of commercially available of PRP gel in our country and easyiest way of application.

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• JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 24-Dec-2013

  Nowadays magnetic nanoparticles have a great potential for biomedical applications due to their specific properties. These particles usually consist of magnetic component, often magnetite (Fe3O4) or other iron oxide, and the nonmagnetic component which ensure interaction with biological material. Magnetic particles have an important role especially for the separation of biomolecules and diagnostics, however in recent years, there are also applications of magnetic nanoparticles in the field of tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells are unique especially for their ability to differentiate into many cell types and are thus very promising tool for tissue regeneration. However, there are problems with their insufficient quantity, so it is necessary to expand these cells in vitro. Herein, nanofibers were created by electrospinning from a mixture of polycaprolactone and magnetic particles (Fe3O4) at size of 50 nm. Viability and proliferation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells as well as alkaline phosphatase activity were monitored at 1st, 7th and 21st day after seeding. Adhesion and proliferation of the cells were also verified by confocal microscopy. Significantly better viability and proliferation of cells in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles were demonstrated by MTS and PicoGreen assays, respectively. These measurements also correlate with the results of confocal microscopy.

  Nowadays magnetic nanoparticles have a great potential for biomedical applications due to their specific properties. These particles usually consist of magnetic component, often magnetite (Fe3O4) or other iron oxide, and the nonmagnetic component which ensure interaction with biological material. Magnetic particles have an important role especially for the separation of biomolecules and diagnostics, however in recent years, there are also applications of magnetic nanoparticles in the field of tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells are unique\nespecially for their ability to differentiate into many cell types and are thus very promising tool for tissue regeneration. However, there are problems with their insufficient quantity, so it is necessary to expand these cells in vitro. Herein, nanofibers were created by electrospinning from a mixture of polycaprolactone and magnetic particles (Fe3O4) at size of 50 nm. Viability and proliferation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells as well as alkaline phosphatase activity were monitored at 1st, 7th and 21st day after seeding. Adhesion and proliferation of the cells were also verified by confocal microscopy. Significantly better viability and proliferation of cells in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles were demonstrated by MTS and PicoGreen assays, respectively. These measurements also correlate with the results of confocal microscopy.

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• The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Pain, Function, and Quality of Life of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 24-Dec-2013

  Osteoarthritis, themost common articular disease in humankind, results fromdefects in articular cartilage and has significant effects on the quality of life (QOL) of patients, especially the elderly. For this reason, the effects of osteoarthritis and related therapeutical interventions on the QOL and patients\' functions have been assessed in different studies [1].

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• The application of autologous Platelet Rich Plasma in the healing of maxillofacial bony defects

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 24-Dec-2013

  Pathology, surgical resection and traumatic avulsion can lead to osseous defects of the jaw bones. Oral implants, enucleation of various cystic lesions, periodontal procedures, excision of tumorous lesions and maxillofacial reconstruction are highly dependent on successful bone regeneration. Bone regenerative techniques include graft materials, proteins and barrier membranes which are used to improve bone quality before or after ablative or reshaping procedures. The healing characteristics and hemostatic properties of\nPlatelet Rich Plasma (PRP) enable it to support tissues and structures in desired configurations.

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• Combined use of platelet rich plasma and vitamin c possitively affects differentation in vitro to mesodermal lineage of adult adipose equine mesenchymal stem cells

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 19-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  Repair of injured soft and hard tissues in horses can benefit greatly from the use of regenerative therapies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Vitamin-C and platelet-rich-plasma had been used for in vitro differentiation of MSC. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin-C, platelet-rich-plasma and their combination on the in vitro differentiation of adipose horse MSC. We isolated MSC from horse fat and differentiated them in vitro into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, as demonstrated by specific staining and RT-qPCR of selected genes. Combining vitamin-C and plasma-rich-platelet positively affected the ability of MSC to differentiate in vitro into mesodermal lineages during 14 days of culture; this effect was not as marked when differentiation was attempted for 21 days. This provides valuable information on the effect of combined use of these molecules in regenerative therapies and their potential application along stem cells for lesions of musculoskeletal tissue in sport horses.

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• Hypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) for knee osteoarthritis: results of a single-arm uncontrolled study with 1-year follow-upHypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) for knee osteoarthritis: results of a single-arm uncontrolled study with 1

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 19-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether prolotherapy, an injection-based complementary treatment for chronic musculoskeletal conditions, improves pain, stiffness, and function in adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) compared to baseline status.

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• Anti-inflammatory effect of platelet-rich plasma on nucleus pulposus cells with response of TNF-α and IL-1

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 19-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with collagen matrix on human nucleus pulposus (NP) cell in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). NP cells from human disks were cultured in a monolayer and maintained in the collagen matrix prior to the addition of recombinant human IL-1 and TNF-α. After applying IL-1 and TNF-α, PRP prepared by using a commercially available platelet concentration system was added. The response was investigated using real-time PCR for mRNA expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The combination of IL-1β and TNF-α led to decrease of matrix synthesis gene expression such as collagen type II and aggrecan and increase of the degradation gene expression of COX-2 and MMP-3, compared to the control. Consecutive PRP exposure significantly recovered the down-regulated gene expression of collagen type II and aggrecan and significantly reduced the increased MMP-3 and COX-2 gene expression, compared to that of control groups with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The administration of PRP with collagen matrix markedly suppressed cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory degrading enzymes and mediators in the NP cell. It also rescued gene expression concerning matrix synthesis, thereby stabilizing NP cell differentiation.

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• Radiological study of the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) on experimentally induced Osteoarthritis in Guinea Pig\'s stifle joint

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 19-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  The purpose of this radiologic, longitudinal study was to estimate the effects of the platelet rich plasma (PRP) on improvement of the defective articular cartilage in an osteoarthritis (OA) model. The PRP is an autologous product that concentrates a high number of platelets in a small volume of plasma. It mimics the last step of the coagulation cascade, leading to formation of a fibrin clot, which consolidates and adheres to the application site in a short period of time. Twenty adult guinea pigs (treatment group, n = 10; control group, n = 10) were anesthetized and the anterior cruciate ligament of the left knee was transected through a para-patellar approach. The animals were allowed to resume normal cage activity for 12 weeks. For the preparation of PRP, 2 ml blood was collected into a Na-citrate tube by direct heart puncture. Twelve weeks post-operation PRP was injected into the OA joint of the treatment group only. The animals were observed for further 8 weeks. At 20 weeks radiological score of OA increased in control group. Reduction in the degree of osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis were detected in the PRP-treated joints. In conclusion, this study shows beneficial effects of the PRP on improvement of the defective articular cartilage in the OA joint.

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• Platelet-rich Plasma for Articular Cartilage Repair

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 15-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  Platelet concentrates have been gaining popularity for a number of applications in orthopedic surgery as a way to enhance both healing of various tissues and reduce pain. One major area of focus has been the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on stem cells and chondrocytes and the potential for PRP to enhance cartilage regeneration as well as reduce catabolic factors that lead to cartilage degradation. This article provides an up-to-date review of the current literature regarding the effect of PRP on articular cartilage and its use in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Basic science, animal, and human clinical investigations are presented. In general, PRP has been shown to promote chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and lead to enhanced cartilage repair during animal investigations. Human trials, mostly conducted in the form of injection into knees with osteoarthritis, have shown promise in a number of investigations for achieving symptomatic relief of pain and improving function.

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• The use of platelet-rich plasma in the nonsurgical management of sports injuries: hype or hope?

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 10-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  Interest in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has skyrocketed over the last decade, with a growing body of research contributing to both excitement and skepticism regarding its use. Despite mixed opinions in the medical field, interest from the public has fueled increased utilization of PRP for musculoskeletal conditions, particularly those that are difficult to treat such as chronic, degenerative tendinopathy and osteoarthritis. PRP\'s reputation as a \"natural healer\" and stories in the lay press featuring the use of PRP by professional athletes and celebrities has created a lucrative market for PRP even absent insurance reimbursement, casting further doubt regarding motivation for use by some practitioners. Research of PRP is clouded by the fact that PRP is a heterogeneous term representing a variety of different platelet preparations and there are many variables in technique and postprocedure rehabilitation, all of which may have significant effects on outcome. This article discusses definitions and classification of PRP, reviews rationale and evidence for use of PRP in chronic tendon injuries and osteoarthritis, and looks at future directions.

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• Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures around the shoulder

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 08-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  The aim of this review is to illustrate the spectrum of ultrasound-guided procedures around the shoulder. The shoulder is affected by a wide range of both, traumatic and degenerative diseases. Ultrasound guidance is a low-cost and safe tool to perform minimally invasive interventional procedures around the shoulder. The clinical outcome is shown by the use of clinical scores: visual analogue scale (VAS), Constant\'s score and Shoulder Pain Disability Index (SPADI). Rotator cuff calcification is a common painful condition that occurs in up to 7.5

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• Platelet-rich Plasma in Orthopaedic Applications: Evidence-based Recommendations for Treatment

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 04-Dec-2013

  From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Dr. Hsu and Dr. Terry), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (Dr. Mishra), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Research Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY (Dr. Rodeo), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Dr. Fu), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr. Randelli), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic, Memphis, TN (Dr. Canale), and Forsyth Street Orthopaedics, Macon, GA (Dr. Kelly).

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• Comparative Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Treating Knee Joint Cartilage Degenerative Pathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 02-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  Objectives

  To explore the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in treating cartilage degenerative pathology in knee joints.

  Data Sources

  Electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, were searched from the earliest record to September 2013.

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• Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciopathy in Adults

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 02-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  Plantar fasciopathy (PF) is a common source of pain and disability that is often refractory to conservative management. There are no uniformly effective standard-of-care treatments for chronic recalcitrant PF. Corticosteroid injection is considered a viable treatment option when traditional therapies fail, but is limited by suboptimal long-term efficacy and potential adverse effects. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging injection-based treatment for various chronic degenerative soft-tissue diseases. It is postulated to promote native tissue regeneration; however, consistent scientific evidence remains lacking. A prospective case series, including 24 consecutive PF cases, was conducted to report patient-rated pain and disability following PRP injection. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores were the primary clinical outcome measure. Foot-Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (Foot-SANE) scores, Short Form-12 Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) questionnaires, and PRP treatment satisfaction surveys were secondary outcome measures. Statistical analysis compared baseline and 32 weeks post-injection time points. Patients receiving PRP injection reported clinically and statistically significant improvement in all outcome measures during this interval. There were no serious adverse events associated with treatment. PRP is considered a safe therapeutic option with the ability to decrease heel pain in patients with chronic PF refractory to appropriate conservative management.

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• Modified dextrose prolotherapy for recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 01-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  Conservative interventions with simple procedures and predictable benefits are expected by patients with recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We have introduced a modified technique of prolotherapy that comprises injection of lignocaine and 50% dextrose at a single site in the posterior periarticular tissues. We studied the effects in 45 younger patients (age range 17-59 years) with non-neurogenic recurrent dislocation of the TMJ, and confirmed the therapeutic effect after more than a year\'s follow-up. There were appreciable improvements in the number of episodes of dislocation and clicking after the injection. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of any further dislocation or subluxation for more than 6 months, was 41/45 (91%). Of the 41 rehabilitated patients, 26 (63%) required a single injection, 11 (27%) had 2 treatments, and 4 (10%) needed a third injection. All patients tolerated the injections well. The modified dextrose prolotherapy is simple, safe, and cost-effective for the treatment of recurrent dislocation of the TMJ.

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• Platelet-rich plasma: why intra-articular? A systematic review of preclinical studies and clinical evidence on PRP for joint degeneration

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 01-Dec-2013

  Abstract

  Purpose

  The aim of this review was to analyze the available evidence on the clinical application of this biological approach for the injective treatment of cartilage lesions and joint degeneration, together with preclinical studies to support the rationale for the use of platelet concentrates, to shed some light and give indications on what to treat and what to expect from intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

  Methods

  All in vitro, in vivo preclinical and clinical studies on PRP injective treatment in the English language concerning the effect of PRP on cartilage, synovial tissue, menisci, and mesenchymal stem cells were considered. A systematic review on the PubMed database was performed using the following words: (platelet-rich plasma or PRP or platelet concentrate or platelet lysate or platelet supernatant) and (cartilage or chondrocytes or synoviocytes or menisci or mesenchymal stem cells).

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• Corticosteroid and platelet-rich plasma injection therapy in tennis elbow (lateral epicondylalgia): a survey of current UK specialist practice and a call for clinical guidelines

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 12-Nov-2013

  Abstract

  Background Tennis elbow is a common condition with a variety of treatment options, but little is known about which of these options specialists choose most commonly. Corticosteroid injections in tennis elbow may reduce pain in the short-term but delay long-term recovery. We have undertaken a UK-wide survey of upper limb specialists to assess current practice.

  Methods Cross-sectional electronic survey of current members of the British Elbow and Shoulder Society (BESS) and the British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH).

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• The Anti-inflammatory and Matrix Restorative Mechanisms of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Osteoarthritis

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 10-Nov-2013

  Abstract

  Background: Intra-articular (IA) treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for osteoarthritis (OA) results in improved patient-reported pain and function scores.

  Purpose: To measure the effects of PRP and high molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) on the expression of anabolic and catabolic genes and on the secretion of nociceptive and inflammatory mediators from OA cartilage and synoviocytes.

  Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

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• The Anti-inflammatory and Matrix Restorative Mechanisms of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Osteoarthritis

  Posted in: General | Posted on: 06-Nov-2013

  Abstract

  Background: Intra-articular (IA) treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for osteoarthritis (OA) results in improved patient-reported pain and function scores.

  Purpose: To measure the effects of PRP and high molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) on the expression of anabolic and catabolic genes and on the secretionof nociceptive and inflammatory mediators from OA cartilage and synoviocytes.

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